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Pius IX
Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti · 16 Jun 1846 – 7 Feb 1878 · 32 yrs · died
Longest confirmed reign. Lost the Papal States, declared himself infallible, and never left the Vatican again.
Did
- Defined the Immaculate Conception (1854) and, through Vatican I, papal infallibility (1870).
- Reigned 31 years, the longest confirmed papacy.
Didn't
- Keep the Papal States: Italy took Rome in 1870 and he styled himself the 'prisoner of the Vatican' for his last eight years.
From the record
Pope Pius IX was head of the Catholic Church from 16 June 1846 until his death in February 1878.
Summary from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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