Pius XII

Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli · 2 Mar 1939 – 9 Oct 1958 · 20 yrs · died

Pope through the Second World War. What he did and didn't say about the Holocaust is still the argument.

Did

Sheltered Jews in Vatican properties and Roman convents, per postwar testimony.
Defined the Assumption (1950).

Didn't

Condemn the Holocaust by name in public; the archives opened in 2020 and historians are still working.

From the record

Pope Pius XII was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City from 2 March 1939 until his death in 1958. His pontificate spanned a highly consequential 19 years that included the Second World War, the Holocaust, and the first years of the Cold War.

Summary from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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